Plant Growth Regulators Past, Present and Future
F.
Moradi
1. Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Plant growth regulators (PGPRs), refers to substances which in very small quantities could have huge impacts on plant growth and developments. These compounds might be natural or synthetic, and natural forms are called plant hormone. Some of these compounds have been known for decades and their structure, amount and plant responses also have been identified already, while many of them have been identified only in the recent years. Some PGPRs, due to direct impact on the growth, development and even the quality of crops, have many commercial applications and annually adding to number of consumers in some countries. However, many of them are still under the research process. The existing statistics indicates that global consumption of PGPRs during 2003 to 2013 increased from 16691 tons to 42700 tons, showing about 2.5 times more utilization. It is predicted that by 2020, annual consumption will be rising to 3.65 percent yearly. The market value of these compounds in 2013 was about 3.56 billion US dollars and is expected to be worth about 6 billion by 2020. In recent years, the consumption of these substances has increased in Iran, but till now precise recorded information not yet been available. In the following article, we have tried to address about production and consumption of these compounds and legal issues in Iran and the world.
Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
2322-4096
5
v.
2
no.
2016
71
95
https://rafhc.areeo.ac.ir/article_109756_bd864ccbc7eb38cb507fc1e80236dadd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/rafhc.2016.109756
PAJ, New Iranian Triticale Suitable for Cultivation in Low- Input Lands of Moderate Region of Iran
Masoud
Ghodsi
Member of scientific board of Agricultural and Natural Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e Razavi
author
Ahmad
Zarea Faizabadi
Member of Scientific Board of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e Razavi
author
Mahmoud
Nazeri
Member of Scientific Board of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e Razavi
author
Manouchehr
Khodarahmi
Member of Scientific Board of Seed and Plant Improvement Intitute
author
Hamid
Tajalli
Expert of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e Jonoobi
author
Zargham
Azizi
Expert of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Kohkilooyah and Boyer Ahmad
author
text
article
2016
per
Due to increasing of marginal and low yield lands in Khorasan Razavi and Jonoobi provinces like most parts of Iran that are not suitable for cultivation of wheat or barley, therefor triticale is more suitable for cultivation in such areas. These investigations were carried out for introducing new triticale cultivar during 8 years in Khorasan Razavi and Jonoobi and SPII. Promising line ET-84-17 derived from 34th ITYN (International Triticale Yield Nursery), PRTYT (Preliminary Regional Triticale Yield Trial) and ARTYT (Advanced Regional Triticale Yield Trial) in Mashhad, Karaj, Birjand and Moghan in 2002-03, 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively. This line was selected based on grain yield superiority, better performance and morphological characteristics. Finally this advanced line evaluated in ERTYT (Elite Regional Triticale Yield Trial) in Mashhad and Birjand agricultural research stations during 2005-06 and 2006-07 years. Results showed that mean grain yield of this selected line (ET-84-17) was 7269 kg.ha-1 which was more than Juanillo 92 as check (6354 kg.ha-1) and had superiority in grain yield by about 14%, 4-6 day earlier heading and thousands grain weight about 2 g. Also superiority of ET-84-17 line in comparison with the checks in on-farm research was observed. Mean grain yield of ET-84-17 line, Juanillo 92 and Sanabad (checks) in Research-Extension trials were 6772, 5168 and 6005 kg.ha-1, with 31% and 12.8% superiority, respectively and ET-84-17 line was more suitable for cultivation in low yeilding lands (Khorasan Jonoobi).Therefore ET-84-17 triticale line with high yielding and better agronomic characteristics such as moderate early maturity was released as Paj cultivar. Total gross value benefits of substituting of this cultivar was 54482 Rials during 7 years.
Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
2322-4096
5
v.
2
no.
2016
97
108
https://rafhc.areeo.ac.ir/article_109757_03cea2bc37789008629e6c85f41cd29c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/rafhc.2016.109757
Mix Cropping of Multiy and One Cut Persian Clover, Suitable Method for Quantity and Qulity Forage Clover Increase
Mohammad
Zamanian
Associate Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
author
text
article
2016
per
In order to increasing forage production in country, mix-cropping cropping of Persian clover cultivars (single and multi-cuts) is simple and cheap method. In this experiment, mixed seed with 5 level including 0-100,100-0,50-50,40-60, and 60-40 and seed density with 3 levels of 10,15 and 20 kg/ha has been carried out as a factorial design with the base of randomized completely block design (RCBD) in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute for two years (2012-13). The results of two years study showed that mix cropping of Persian clover (single and multi-cuts) cultivars caused 30% forage increase yield, 32% dry matter yield and 8% percentage crud protein with sole cultivation. In generally with increase seed rate of one cut cultivar in mix cropping caused higher forage quality and increasing of seed rate in multi-cut cultivar, created higher forage quantity. According to the obtained results, the highest dry matter yield with 5.24 t/ha was obtained from the treatment of 50% Persian clover (single cut) and 50% multiple cut Persian clover whit using 15 kg/ha seed rate. Computation of LER (Land Equivalent Ratio) showed that the treatment of 50% Persian clover (single cut) and 50% multiple cut Persian clover and seed rate 15 kg/ha with LER=2.18, 1.99 and 2.17 for forage yield, dry matter yield and percentage crud protein respectively and the best mix cropping model in clover agronomy recommended.
Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
2322-4096
5
v.
2
no.
2016
109
118
https://rafhc.areeo.ac.ir/article_109758_7517a617dabf5778637e669fe27bb0ab.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/rafhc.2016.109758
Khatam, a New Irrigated Barley Cultivar with Wide Adaptability in the Saline Marginal Areas of Temperateagro Argo- Climate Zone of Iran
Habibollah
Ghazvini
Deputy, Head of Cereal Research Dept., SPII, AREEO
author
HR.
Nikkhah
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
A.
Yousefi
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
M.
Mahlouji
Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran.
author
Z.
Ravari
Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran.
author
M.
Sharifalhossaini
Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.
author
Y.
Morovati
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran.
author
M.
Arazmjoo
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, South Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Birjand, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting the productivity of crop plants in arid and semiarid areas around the world. Irrigated barley is grown on about 300,000 hectares in the temperate agro-climate zone of Iran where the salinity is a major constrain of barley production. Barley cultivar Khatam is derived from the cross between cultivars Sahra and Kavir as female and male parents, respectively, at Varamin station and subsequent selection among segregating populations was done at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute-Cereal Breeding Department in Karaj. Results of yield trials and on-farm evaluations in the temperate zone showed that under high and low salinity stress conditions (EC of 8-12 and 4-8 dS, respectively), Khatam exhibited a superior performance compared to the check cultivars Nosrat, Walfajr, Rihane 03 and its average grain yield was 600 kg higher than average grain yield of check cultivars. Khatam has facultative growth habit and its height under normal and stress conditions is 90 and 65 cm, respectively. Khatam exhibits lodging resistance and has non-shattering rachis but has moderately susceptible infection responses to yellow rust, powdery mildew and stripe disease of barley. However, under dry conditions of areas around deserts of Iran no susceptibility to these diseases is observed. Khatam is a six-rowed cultivar and its specific characteristic is adaptability to the dry conditions of saline and fairly saline marginal lands around the Loot and Namak deserts of Iran.
Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
2322-4096
5
v.
2
no.
2016
119
132
https://rafhc.areeo.ac.ir/article_109759_a348707a42a5f20130acf2a4b3db69bd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/rafhc.2016.109759
Evaluation of Yield Gap of Durum Wheat Genotypes Under Research and Farmers' Fields Conditions
R.
Mohammadi
Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
Organization (AREEO), Sararood Branch, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
A.
Abdolahi
Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
Organization (AREEO), Sararood Branch, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
MS.
Mohammadi
Ravansar Jihad-e-Agriculture, Ravansar, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
K.
Elahi
Islam Abad Jihad-e-Agriculture, Homail, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
SR.
Yari
Kermanshah Jihad-e-Agriculture, Sarfirouz Abad, Kermanshah. Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
Study of rainfed wheat production in Kermanshah province, Iran, during 1984-2013 indicates no clear trend in yield increasing, while rainfed wheat yield varied between 600 to 1400 kg/ha in this period. Assessment of attainable and actual yields, identify the yield gaps, limiting factors involved in achieving attainable yield and develop suitable strategies can help to improve yield productivity under rainfed conditions. In this study 12 wheat genotypes consisting of 9 durum wheat lines, one new durum wheat cultivar (cv. Saji) and two durum (Zardak) and bread (Sardari) local varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Sararood rainfed research station and three farmers' fields (i.e. Dalahoo, Sarfirouz abad and Homail) in Kermanshah province, Iran, during 2009-10 cropping season. Evaluation of genotypes based on mean yield indicated that the Saji cultivar produced higher yield than two local checks across four experimental sites, and out yielded the checks by 42 to 198%, depending on experimental sites. Some genotypes performed better than Saji cultivar across experimental sites (except Dalaho site), in which breeding line G8 performed better than Saji in two sites (Homail and Sararood) and others performed well in one site. Comparison of mean yield production in research station with farmers' fields indicated a decreasing yield equal to 35 to 80%, depending on experimental site, in farmers' fileds compared to research station. In regard to the results, development of cultivation of Saji durum wheat cultivar can be considered as one of the approaches to further enhance of yield productivity and to decrease of yield gap of rainfed wheat in Kermanshah province.
Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
2322-4096
5
v.
2
no.
2016
133
141
https://rafhc.areeo.ac.ir/article_109760_f2a4f2078144885c8e9e5dfeea78d18e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/rafhc.2016.109760
Ghaffar, a New Variety of Chitti Bean
حمید رضا
دری
رییس مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی
author
B.
Asadi
Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Khomein National Bean Research Station, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran.
author
A.
Ghadiri
Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Khomein National Bean Research Station, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran.
author
MR.
Lak
Plant Protection Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran.
author
M.
Yousefi
Plant Protection Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran.
author
AA.
Ghanbari
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, AREEO, Karaj, Iran.
author
E.
Beizai
Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran.
author
M.
Kamel
Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran.
author
MH.
Kooshki
Borojerd Agricultural Research Station, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran.
author
H.
Asteraki
Borojerd Agricultural Research Station, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran.
author
R.
Poormatin
Jihad-e-Agricultural Organization of Markazi, Khorramabad, Iran.
author
M.
Hatamabadi Farahani
Plant Protection Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
Ghaffar cultivar was introduced during 1995 in the form of F2 generation from the International Research Center for Tropical (CIAT) for the first time. Adaptability tests were performed in three areas including Khomein, Boroujerd and Zanjan during 2008 to 2010 that line of Ghaffar was superior in compared to Khomein control. This cultivar in Zanjan by producing 4474 kg ha-1, Khomein 2922 kg ha-1 and Boroujerd by producing and 2965 kg ha-1, which was 32.1%, 16.1% and 27.1% respectively was superior than Khomein as control. Overall in 3 locations and 3 years Ghaffar produced 3376 kg ha-1 more grain yield than control that was about 25.8% increase in grain yield. During 2002 resistance of 36 bean genotypes evaluated to two-spotted mite in a rectangular lattice design. In this study, Ghaffar was the one of the genotype with high-yield and had the highest resistance to the two-spotted mite based on composite index of resistance. Drought tolerance tests were performed during 2009-2010 and yield of Ghaffar was higher than Sadri as control, in normal irrigation and drought stress by about 25.2 and 57% per hectare respectively. Also in 2010, research project extension was conducted and Ghaffar produced 2824.5 kg ha-1 which was 27% more than control. Finally, according to several tests, Ghaffar line in terms of yield, compatibility, marketing, pest resistance and drought tolerance showed superiority to Sadri control. Line Ghaffar has high yield with plant type 2 (indeterminate standing), business class Cranberi, 100-grain weight 40 grams.
Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
2322-4096
5
v.
2
no.
2016
143
155
https://rafhc.areeo.ac.ir/article_109761_ff188dbc6d352823b8a10389207ee914.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/rafhc.2016.109761